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Bible Questions and Spiritual Discussion
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Catholica
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10/30/2013 10:07 |
Certainly interesting. It almost makes you wonder why the Biblical autographs were destroyed/lost. It was probably because they were handled so much, but I also wonder if maybe God allowed it so that people wouldn't fall into a type of Bible-idolatry, as if there were something magical about the originals themselves rather than the message contained therein.
Here is some information I came across which runs along similar lines: not the dating of manuscripts but about the date which the books of the Bible were accepted into the Canon of scripture, or were generally accepted as scripture by the Church.
A Visual Diagram of the History of the New Testament Canon
Explanation of Symbols:
* Book accepted (or quoted) ? Book personally disputed or mentioned as disputed x Book rejected, unknown, or not cited
New Testament Period (c.35-90)
In this period there is little formal sense of a Canon of Scripture
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Apostolic Fathers (90-160)
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Summary: The New Testament is still not clearly distinguished qualitatively from other Christian writings
Gospels Generally accepted by 130 Justin Martyr's "Gospels" contain apocryphal material Polycarp first uses all four Gospels now in Scripture Acts Scarcely known or quoted Pauline Corpus Generally accepted by 130, yet quotations are rarely introduced as scriptural Philippians, 1 Timothy: x Justin Martyr 2 Timothy, Titus, Philemon: x Polycarp, Justin Martyr Hebrews Not considered canonical ? Clement of Rome x Polycarp, Justin Martyr James Not considered canonical; not even quoted x Polycarp, Justin Martyr 1 Peter Not considered canonical 2 Peter Not considered canonical, nor cited 1, 2, 3 John Not considered canonical x Justin Martyr 1 John ? Polycarp / 3 John x Polycarp Jude Not considered canonical x Polycarp, Justin Martyr Revelation Not canonical x Polycarp
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Irenaeus to Origen (160-250)
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Summary: Awareness of a Canon begins towards the end of the 2nd century
Tertullian and Clement of Alexandria first use phrase New Testament Gospels Accepted Acts Gradually accepted Pauline Corpus Accepted with some exceptions: 2 Timothy: x Clement of Alexandria Philemon: x Irenaeus, Origen, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria Hebrews Not canonical before the 4th century in the West. ? Origen * First accepted by Clement of Alexandria James Not canonical ? First mentioned by Origen x Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria 1 Peter Gradual acceptance * First accepted by Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria 2 Peter Not canonical ? First mentioned by Origen x Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria 1 John Gradual acceptance * First accepted by Irenaeus x Origen 2 John Not canonical ? Origen x Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria 3 John Not canonical ? Origen x Irenaeus, Tertullian, Clement of Alexandria Jude Gradual acceptance * Clement of Alexandria x Origen Revelation Gradual acceptance * First accepted by Clement of Alexandria x Barococcio Canon, c.206 Epistle of Barnabas * Clement of Alexandria, Origen Shepherd of Hermas * Irenaeus, Tertullian, Origen, Clement of Alexandria The Didache * Clement of Alexandria, Origen The Apocalypse of Peter * Clement of Alexandria The Acts of Paul * Origen * Appears in Greek, Latin (5), Syriac, Armenian, & Arabic translations Gospel of Hebrews * Clement of Alexandria
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Muratorian Canon (c.190)
Excludes Hebrews, James, 1 Peter, 2 Peter
Includes The Apocalypse of Peter, Wisdom of Solomon
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Origen to Nicaea (250-325)
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Summary: The Catholic epistles and Revelation are still being disputed
Gospels, Acts, Pauline Corpus Accepted Hebrews * Accepted in the East x, ? Still disputed in the West James x, ? Still disputed in the East x Not accepted in the West 1 Peter Fairly well accepted 2 Peter Still disputed 1 John Fairly well accepted 2, 3 John, Jude Still disputed Revelation Disputed, especially in the East x Dionysius
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Council of Nicaea (325)
Questions canonicity of James, 2 Peter, 2 John, 3 John, and Jude
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From 325 to the Council of Carthage (397)
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Summary: Athanasius first lists our present 27 New Testament books as such in 367. Disputes still persist concerning several books, almost right up until 397, when the Canon is authoritatively closed
Gospels, Acts, Pauline Corpus, 1 Peter, 1 John Accepted Hebrews Eventually accepted in the West James Slow acceptance Not even quoted in the West until around 350! 2 Peter Eventually accepted 2, 3 John, Jude Eventually accepted Revelation Eventually accepted x Cyril of Jerusalem, John Chrysostom, Gregory Nazianz Epistle of Barnabas * Codex Sinaiticus - late 4th century Shepherd of Hermas * Codex Sinaiticus - late 4th century Used as a textbook for catechumens according to Athanasius 1 Clement, 2 Clement * Codex Alexandrinus - early 5th century (!)
Sources for N.T. Canon Chart:
1) Douglas, J.D., ed., New Bible Dictionary, Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1962 ed., 194-98. 2) Cross, F.L., and E.A. Livingstone, eds., The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2nd ed., 1983, 232,300,309-10,626,641,724,1049,1069; 3) Geisler, Norman L. & William E. Nix, From God to Us: How We Got Our Bible, Chicago: Moody Press, 1974, 109-12,117-25.
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